structure of operating system - Introduction, Layered, Function

Operating System

                                          by sumit kumar

   

Structure of Operating System - Introduction, Layered, Function 

Structure of Operating System. In this article, Everything will be told Operating System like what is Operating System, Structur OS,
Function of OS, Layered sturcture of operating system etc.

Introduction 

 An operating system plays an important role in the use of computer. It prepares  a bar machine usable for te user. In other words an operating system work as an interface between computer and user to use the system resources and access several other programs effectively.                                  

Windows operating system  offers icons graphics interface to the user and that they can use mouse to perform a number of operation. An operation system is a system software. It manages all other programs on the machine. 

Every pc has operating system to run other applications or programs. This diagnose input from the keyboard or mouse sending to the monitor and directories on the disk and controlling peripheral devices such as driver and printers.

                               

                                       or

#  An operating system is a software that control the internal activities of the computer and provides user interface.

# Operating system is the program that, after being internally loaded into the computer by a boat program, manages all the other applications programs in a computers.

# An operating system is an interface between a user a computer and a computer hardware. It is a software which perform all the basic tasks like file management, memory management, handling output & input and controlling peripherals divice such as disk drivers & printers.

Functions of Operating System

 An operating system performs following function :- 

Memory Management :  It locates the main memory and secondary memory to the system memory management refers to management of primary memory or main memory. Main memory  is a large array of words or bytes where there each word or byte has its own address.

File Management :  File management is normally organize into directories for easy navigation and usage.

Device Management :  Device management each track of all device. This module also reponsible for this task, is knows as Input/Output controller. Also performs the tasks of allocation and deallocation of the device.

Secondary storage management :  System , have several level of storage which includes primary storage secondary storage cache storage, Instructions and data must be store in primary storage or cache so , that a running program can reference it.

Security :  Security module protects the data and information of a computer system agains malware threat  and unauthorised access. 

Communication management :  Co-ordination are assignment of compilers, interpreters and another software resource of the various system.

Layered structure of operating system

• kernal 
• Memory management 
• Process management
• Device management
• File management 
• Storage management
• User interface

Image of Operating System layer

             
 

Example of Operating System 

1. Linux
2. Windows (xp,7,8.1,8,10,11)
3. IOS 
4. OO.S.
5. Chrome Os
6. Unix

 

NOTE

Open Source :  Software refer to the computer software which source is open menas gernal public can access nad use.

Close Source :  Software refer to the computer software which source is not open means gernal public can access and use.

                        
Microsoft Windows

Microsoft window is a series of graphical interface operating system developed by micro soft. Microsoft introduced an operating environment named window as a graphical operating system shell for MSDOS in response to the growing interest in graphical user interface (GUI).

                    

Windows 95

It is introduced to 32 bit application plug and play hardware primitive. Multitasking long file names of up to 235 characters.

Windows 98

Window 98 has introduced the windows drives model supported for USB computer devices for ACPI. Hibernation and support multi moniter configuration. windows 98 also included integration with internet explorer. It's through active desktop and other of aspects of the windows desktop update.

Windows XP

Now you have windows XP from 2001 the improved version of windows. It is 32 bit operating system that is quite popular on person computer (PCS).

windows vista

Windows vista contains number of new features to significant technical changes with a particular fous on security features. It was available in a number of different edition has been subject to some criticism.

 

                       

windows 7

Windows 7 is another successful operating system produced by Microsoft for use on personal computer including home and business desktop, laptops, tablets. PCS and media centers PCS. It has been released in 2009. It had been initially had its starter versions like windows 7 starter, windows home basic, professional, ultimate which they had their own hardware and software requirement.

Windows 8

In windows 8 number of significant changes were made including the introduction of a user interface based around Microsoft metro design language with optimization for touch based devices such as tablete. These changes include start screen which uses large tiles that are more convenient for touch instructions and allow for the display of continuously update information and new class of apps which are designed primarily for use on  touch based devices. Other changes includes increased integration withe services and other online platforms. 

 

Basic Windows Elements

In the graphical user interface version windows and their contents like menu, icons radio button and check box etc. Included to perform various task mouse and other pointing devices are used. Microsoft windows mackintosh linux etc. are popular examples of graphical user interface based operating system.

    

Windows explorer

Address Bar :  Display the path of the selected document could be a file, folder, subfolder or a device itself. This selected item is usually displayed in blur in colour.

                                 Address Bar

                               

Task Bar

Taskbar is a strip at which start button. Quick launch baar, taskbar icon, modification are situated at the default setting for the taskbar. In me windows place it at the bottom of the screen but it can be set up left or right side of the windows. the quick launch featured in famous of pinning applications to the taskbar itself all the running applications at any stage as a icon appear on the taskbar.

Quick Launch Toolbar

It contains one click button or shortcuts which open programs you can customize this toolbar however you like.

Icon :  Windows GUI icons as small pictures that represents a command, object, file or windows points and click with a mouse to execute a command there are kinds of icons like, system icons, user defined icons and shortcuts. 

folder Icons :  When a folder icon double clicked a folder window is opend display the contents ot the folder.

Program Icons :  When a program icons is double clicked the corresponding program is loaded into the memory of the computer and the application starts running in a window.

Document Icons :  When a document icons is double clicked the document itself is opend for egg. World-processing program, spreadsheet, database etc.

Shortcut Icons :  Short icon provide an alternative open program document and folders.

Steps creating a shortcut :- 

There we will see how to create shortcut of a program folder or document file.

Select the file, folder and go to file menu in windows explore and click create shortcut command. 

                                       Or

Right click the file/folder and choose create shortcut to create a shortcut of that.

                                       Or

To create a shortcut of a program, go short menu and right click the application and choose send to and select desktop (create shortcut).

System Icons :  System icons are mandatory programs or files that are located on your desktop user. Is not allowed to delete the system icons would deleting the actual program form the hard drive of the computer.

Example of system icons are recycle bin, my computer and network etc.

My computer :  This icon can find every folder and file that your pc has access to. Th

Recycle bin :  It is a temporary storage  space where deleted file and folders stayed till permanently deleted.

My Documents :  It is a place to store the document and file you create. Separate from the program file so when you backup your data it all locate-in your creating you can backup just area of your storage.

start menu : short cut key : ctrl + ese, windows key.

Log off and Switch user :  if there are multiples user on your pc with separate (profile) or user log on use the log off process to close or to switch from one to another user.

shortcut key : alt + f4

Shut Down, Restart Standby and Hibernate Windows :  This is safe way to shutting your pc that will save your program setting and file. this   shutdown process basically puts the operating system to bed and restart is shutdown and them start is called restart. Standby mode is the sleep mode. In this mode neither application files nor system files gets closed by application file remaining open.

File management throw windows : It is use to handle the file creating new editing, deleting etc. This is useful not only for file but directing also called folder management. By opening windows explorer windows you can create a new file or foler, rename or delete selected file/folder you can also create copy of the selected file and paste for another file.

File :  A file is a container which contains some specific kind of data or information. A file is built by the system itself or buy a user for his/her or purpose. File name, file extension : here we see some examples of file extension of a file created bya user.

.docx, . doc, .txt, . bmp, . xls, . xlsx, . ppt, .pptx, .html etc.

some examples of a file extensions created by the system. 

dill, . msc, . sys, . bat, . exe, . ing, . zip etc. 

Using Essential Accessories :  There are number of essential accessories in the  computer system comes with the operating system package in default. Like paint, notepad, word pad, calculater, games etc.

System Tool :  System tools are the inbuilt tool command related to disk management, defragmentation etc.

Application Management :  The term application management is referred as to maintain the application installed in the computer system.   

In a computer you can install a software repair remove it as per your need. 

• You can add on load an application on your computer that is called installing software. 
• Removing application from computer is called uninstalling. 
• Installation or un installation both required permissions from administrator's account. 

Frequently Asked Question

Q - Layered System in OS?

A - Layered structure is a type of system Structure in which the different services of the operating system are split into various loayers, where each layer has a speccific well- defined task to perform. 

Q - How many layrs in operating system?

A - There are 7 Layers of OS....

• kernal 
• Memory management 
• Process management
• Device management
• File management 
• Storage management
• User interface

Q - Why Operating System are important?

A - An operating system is the most important software that runs on a computer. It manages the computer's memory and processes. As well as all of its software and hardware. 

Some Important Question :

What is memory?

Basic computer Introduction?

Learn complete MS word?

Learn Type of computer?

Learn computer Networking?

What is Booting?

What is the Input device and Output device?

Learn operating system?

What is digital number system?

Analog and digital singnal?

Some important full form about computer?